Narcissism
Narcissism is a personality disorder
What is Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD)?
Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) is a condition characterised by a pattern of grandiose self-perception, an excessive need for admiration, and a lack of empathy. Individuals with this disorder often have an inflated sense of self-importance and frequently fantasise about success, power, or idealised relationships.
They may expect special treatment and often struggle to understand or care about others' emotions, making it difficult for them to maintain meaningful and mutual relationships.
Diagnosing Narcissistic Personality Disorder
A diagnosis of NPD is made through clinical interviews and psychological assessments, such as the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI).
Since NPD often coexists with other mental health issues – such as depression or anxiety – a comprehensive evaluation is necessary to ensure an accurate diagnosis
Behavioural patterns of narcissism
Individuals with Narcissistic Personality Disorder often exhibit:
A strong need for admiration – They seek out situations where they can be the centre of attention and be praised for their intelligence, beauty, or achievements.
A tendency to exploit others – They may use people to achieve their personal goals, often with little regard for the impact on others.
A lack of empathy – They struggle to understand or care about others’ emotions.
Sensitivity to criticism – Even constructive feedback is often perceived as a personal attack, leading to anger or feelings of humiliation.
Causes of narcissism
The exact causes of Narcissistic Personality Disorder remain unclear, but research suggests that both genetic predisposition and environmental influences contribute to its development.
Childhood experiences play a significant role.
Children who are excessively praised or devalued during their upbringing may develop narcissistic traits as a defence mechanism.
A grandiose self-image may serve as a way to protect against feelings of insecurity and vulnerability.
How narcissism affects relationships
Common challenges for narcissists
One of the biggest difficulties faced by individuals with NPD is their inability to form lasting and mutually fulfilling relationships.
Their constant need for admiration can lead to manipulative behaviour.
They may exploit others to boost their own sense of worth.
When they do not receive the attention they believe they deserve, they may react with defensiveness, anger, or withdrawal.
They struggle to understand why others may end relationships with them.
Narcissism and love bombing
A common early-stage tactic in narcissistic relationships is love bombing.
What is love bombing?
Excessive admiration, compliments, and attention
Overwhelming affection that creates an intense, passionate connection
The goal of love bombing
To emotionally bind the partner to the narcissist.
To establish control over the relationship.
While love bombing initially appears as deep affection, it is often a calculated method to create dependency and submission.
What happens next?
Once emotional attachment is established, the narcissist may shift to a more controlling and critical dynamic.
The partner may experience emotional manipulation and devaluation.
This pattern can be difficult to recognise early on, as the narcissist initially appears charming and highly attentive.
Treatment for narcissism
Do narcissists seek therapy?
Individuals with NPD rarely seek help for their narcissism itself.
They may enter therapy due to relationship difficulties, depression, or other consequences of their behaviour.
What does treatment focus on?
Increasing self-awareness
Developing healthier interpersonal skills
Understanding their lack of empathy and its impact on others
Through therapy, individuals with NPD can learn to manage relationships more effectively and navigate interpersonal challenges with greater awareness.
Managing relationships and reactions
Narcissistic Personality Disorder is a complex condition that affects both the individual and those around them.
Is change possible?
While deep-seated narcissistic traits can be challenging to alter, therapy and support can help individuals develop healthier relationships and emotional responses.
FAQ about Narcissism
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NPD is a mental health disorder characterised by:
A grandiose self-image
An excessive need for admiration
A lack of empathy for others
Individuals with NPD often have an inflated sense of self-importance and struggle to handle criticism.
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Typical signs include:
Excessive self-focus
A constant need for admiration
Exploiting others to achieve personal goals
A lack of empathy and emotional awareness
Narcissists may also react with anger or shame when receiving criticism or negative feedback.
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NPD is believed to develop due to a mix of genetic and environmental factors.
Early childhood experiences play a key role
Excessive praise or severe devaluation in childhood can lead to a defensive grandiose self-image.
This protects against deep-seated insecurity.
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Not all narcissists are completely unaware of their actions. However, they often rationalise their behaviour and struggle to acknowledge its impact on others. They may avoid admitting mistakes and find it difficult to accept responsibility.
At World Psychologists, we offer therapy and support for individuals struggling with NPD-related challenges and those affected by narcissistic relationships.